Old Highway 131 Trail
Trail Quick Facts
About the Old Highway 131 Trail
The Old Highway 131 Trail is a 4.5-mile paved multi-use trail located in the heart of Wisconsin’s scenic Kickapoo Valley Reserve. This National Recreation Trail follows the corridor of a former state highway that once connected small lumber and farming communities along the Kickapoo River. Today, it serves as a peaceful greenway for non-motorized recreation, offering cyclists, hikers, equestrians, and cross-country skiers access to some of the most ecologically significant landscapes in the Driftless Region.
The trail is uniquely positioned within the Driftless Area, a region untouched by the glaciers that shaped much of Wisconsin’s topography. This geological distinction has created a landscape characterized by steep sandstone cliffs, deep valleys, and meandering rivers. The Old Highway 131 Trail traverses this terrain, crossing the scenic Kickapoo River four times and passing through a historic covered bridge funded by the Ho-Chunk Nation.
Trail Designation & Management
The Old Highway 131 Trail was recently designated as a National Recreation Trail by Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, recognizing its recreational, historical, and cultural importance. The trail is managed through a unique partnership between the State of Wisconsin and the Ho-Chunk Nation, overseen by the Kickapoo Reserve Management Board composed primarily of local residents.
This co-management arrangement reflects the trail’s deep cultural connections to the Ho-Chunk Nation’s ancestral homelands and the commitment to preserving the valley’s natural and cultural resources for future generations.
Difficulty Level
The Old Highway 131 Trail itself is rated as easy, making it accessible to users of all ages and abilities. The 10-foot-wide paved asphalt surface is smooth and well-maintained, with gentle grades following the river valley. The adjacent 8-foot natural surface bridle path provides equestrians with a dedicated route.
While the main trail is easy, the Kickapoo Valley Reserve offers over 50 miles of connected natural surface trails ranging from easy to moderate difficulty. These trails feature more elevation gain and rugged terrain through forests, prairies, and along bluff tops.
Seasonal Conditions
The Old Highway 131 Trail can be enjoyed year-round, though the type of activities and trail conditions vary significantly by season.
Spring (April-May): Trail reopening season as snowmelt subsides. The Kickapoo River runs high with spring runoff, creating dramatic views from the bridges. Equestrian and mountain bike trails officially open May 1 (weather permitting). Temperatures range from 40-70°F. Wildflowers begin blooming along the corridor.
Summer (June-August): Peak season for trail use. Warm temperatures (60-85°F) and generally pleasant conditions. The trail may close temporarily during or after heavy rain events to protect the surface and prevent erosion. Mosquitoes can be present near water. The shaded sections along the river provide welcome relief on hot days.
Fall (September-November): Spectacular season for the trail with vibrant fall colors in the hardwood forests. Comfortable temperatures (45-70°F). Equestrian and mountain bike season continues through November 15 (weather dependent). Less crowded than summer. Early November may bring first frost and occasional trail closures.
Winter (December-March): The trail transforms into a cross-country skiing and snowshoeing destination. Only the Old Highway 131 Trail is groomed for skiing. Temperatures range from 10-35°F. The nearby Kickapoo Ice Cave becomes accessible and is a popular winter attraction reached via connected trails. Hiking remains allowed year-round on all trails.
Wildlife & Natural Features
The Kickapoo Valley Reserve supports exceptional biodiversity due to its location in the Driftless Area. The trail corridor provides opportunities to observe:
- Bird species including bald eagles, herons, wild turkeys, and numerous songbirds
- White-tailed deer, commonly seen in early morning and evening
- Native wildflowers and pollinator habitat along the trail corridor
- Rare plants adapted to the cool, moist microclimate of sandstone cliffs
- Diverse forest communities including white pine, hemlock, sugar maple, and oak
- Clear Kickapoo River waters supporting trout and other aquatic species
The sheer sandstone cliffs towering along the Kickapoo River are among the most striking geological features, formed millions of years ago and providing habitat for specialized plant communities.
Route Guide & Trail Description
Trail Overview
The Old Highway 131 Trail runs 4.5 miles through the heart of the Kickapoo Valley Reserve, following the former alignment of Wisconsin State Highway 131. The trail can be hiked, biked, or ridden as either an out-and-back route (9 miles round trip) or as a point-to-point route with vehicle shuttle.
Main Trail Sections
Southern Terminus – Landing 12 (Highway 131): The trail begins at Landing 12, located on State Highway 131 with parking available. This southern access point provides the most convenient entry to the trail system with ample parking and river access.
River Valley Corridor: From Landing 12, the trail follows the gentle curves of the Kickapoo River valley. The paved surface is smooth and well-maintained, suitable for all users. Sandstone outcroppings and forested bluffs rise on both sides, creating a secluded atmosphere despite the trail’s accessibility.
River Crossings: The trail crosses the Kickapoo River four times via bridges, offering scenic views of the clear, meandering river. One crossing features a covered bridge, a beautiful structure funded by the Ho-Chunk Nation that serves as both functional infrastructure and cultural landmark.
Campsite I Access: Approximately mid-trail, Campsite I provides an alternate access point with parking for trail users. This location is convenient for those wanting to hike shorter segments.
Northern Terminus – Bridge 18 (Corps Road, La Farge): The trail’s northern endpoint is located at Bridge 18 on Corps Road near the Village of La Farge. Parking is available at this trailhead as well.
Connected Trail System
The Old Highway 131 Trail serves as the main artery for the Kickapoo Valley Reserve’s extensive 50+ mile trail network. Two notable spur trails extend from the main trail:
Star Valley Trail: A 0.6-mile spur trail extending from the main corridor, providing access to additional parking and connecting to backcountry trails. The trail follows an old road corridor like its parent trail.
Indian River Trail: Another 0.6-mile spur trail branching from Old Highway 131, also following a historic road alignment and offering access to parking and the wider trail system.
These connections allow trail users to create longer loop routes by combining the paved main trail with natural surface trails through forests, along ridgetops, and to special destinations like the Kickapoo Ice Cave.
Points of Interest
- Covered Bridge: A highlight of the trail, this functional and photogenic structure honors the Ho-Chunk Nation’s cultural connection to the valley
- Sandstone Cliffs: Towering Cambrian sandstone formations visible from various points along the trail
- River Views: Multiple scenic overlooks and bridge crossings offering perspectives of the Kickapoo River
- Pollinator Corridor: Planted and maintained habitat for native pollinators along sections of the trail
- Historical Markers: Interpretive signage explaining the trail’s history and the valley’s significance
Trail Conditions & Maintenance
The Old Highway 131 Trail receives regular maintenance from Kickapoo Valley Reserve staff. In summer, weekly mowing of the adjacent bridle path keeps it clear for equestrians. Hazard trees are removed as needed, and streambank stabilization projects protect sections where the Kickapoo River flows close to the trail corridor.
The trail may close temporarily during or after significant rain events. These closures protect the trail surface and prevent user-caused erosion. Current trail status can be confirmed by contacting the Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center.
Planning Your Visit
Best Time to Visit
The Old Highway 131 Trail offers excellent experiences throughout the year, though the ideal time depends on your preferred activities:
Peak Season (May-October): All trail uses permitted (hiking, biking, horseback riding). Equestrian and mountain bike trails officially open May 1 through November 15, weather permitting. Late spring through early fall provides the longest daylight hours and most reliable weather.
Fall Colors (Late September – Mid-October): Spectacular leaf colors in the hardwood forests make this one of the most beautiful times to visit. Cooler temperatures and fewer crowds enhance the experience.
Winter Recreation (December-March): The trail is groomed for cross-country skiing, offering a serene winter experience. Snowshoeing is popular on all trails. The nearby Ice Cave becomes accessible, creating a unique winter destination.
Permits & Fees
All visitors must obtain a permit to use the Kickapoo Valley Reserve trails. Permits can be purchased at:
- Day Use Permits:
- Individual: $5 per person
- Family (4 or more people): $15
- Annual Permits:
- Individual: $20 per person
- Family (2 adults plus children): $35
- Camping Permits (separate):
- Vehicle-accessible sites: $15 per night
- Non-vehicle accessible (hike-in): $10 per night
- Exemptions: Hunting, fishing, and trapping are exempt from day use permits, but require vehicle parking permits if parked in designated areas
Purchase Locations: Permits can be purchased online or at the Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center and various locations throughout the Reserve. All vehicles parked at river access sites and trailheads must display valid permits.
Directions to Trailheads
Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center (Recommended First Stop):
S3661 State Highway 131, La Farge, WI 54639
Phone: 608-625-2960
The Visitor Center is located 1.5 miles north of La Farge on Highway 131. Stop here for permits, trail maps, current conditions, and educational exhibits about the valley’s history and ecology.
Landing 12 (Southern Trailhead):
Located on State Highway 131 in the Kickapoo Valley Reserve. This is the primary southern access point with parking available. Follow Highway 131 through the Reserve; Landing 12 is well-marked with signage.
Bridge 18 (Northern Trailhead):
Located on Corps Road near La Farge. This northern endpoint provides parking and trail access. From La Farge, follow local roads to Corps Road and look for reserve signage indicating Bridge 18.
Campsite I (Mid-Trail Access):
Alternate access point approximately mid-trail with parking. Useful for shorter hikes or as a shuttle point for one-way trips.
From Major Cities:
- From Madison, WI: Approximately 90 miles southwest via US-18 and local highways (about 2 hours)
- From La Crosse, WI: Approximately 45 miles southeast via various routes (about 1 hour)
- From Milwaukee, WI: Approximately 160 miles west via I-94 and US-18 (about 2.75 hours)
Weather Considerations
Vernon County experiences a humid continental climate with four distinct seasons. Trail conditions and accessibility vary accordingly:
- Spring: Variable conditions, 40-70°F. Rain events may temporarily close trails. River levels high from snowmelt
- Summer: Warm and generally pleasant, 60-85°F. Afternoon thunderstorms possible. Trail may close during/after heavy rain
- Fall: Comfortable temperatures, 45-70°F. Generally dry with spectacular fall colors
- Winter: Cold with snow, 10-35°F. Trail groomed for skiing when snow depth sufficient
Trail Etiquette & Rules
Multi-Use Trail Guidelines:
- Yield Appropriately: Hikers yield to horses; bikers yield to both hikers and horses
- Stay on Designated Surfaces: Cyclists and hikers on paved trail; equestrians on bridle path
- Keep Right, Pass Left: Stay to the right side; announce when passing
- Control Speed: Maintain safe speeds appropriate for conditions and other users
- Leash Pets: Dogs must be on leash at all times
- Pack Out All Trash: Leave No Trace principles apply
- Respect Closures: Honor temporary closures during wet conditions or maintenance
- Silent Sports Only: No motorized vehicles permitted on reserve trails
Accessibility
The Old Highway 131 Trail’s paved surface and gentle grades make it one of the most accessible trails in the region. The smooth asphalt is suitable for wheelchairs, strollers, and adaptive bikes. However, users should be aware that:
- The full 4.5-mile length may be challenging for some users; shorter out-and-back trips can be planned
- Restroom facilities are limited along the trail
- Some bridge approaches have slight grades
- The natural surface bridle path is not accessible for wheeled devices
What to Bring
- Water (1-2 liters depending on distance and temperature)
- Snacks or lunch for longer outings
- Valid trail permit (must be displayed)
- Trail map (available at Visitor Center)
- Sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen)
- Insect repellent (spring/summer)
- Rain jacket (weather can change quickly)
- First aid kit
- Cell phone (limited reception but useful for emergencies)
- Camera for photographing scenery and covered bridge
Safety & Potential Hazards
General Safety
The Old Highway 131 Trail is generally very safe for users of all ages. The paved surface, gentle terrain, and relatively high use during peak season contribute to its safety profile. However, visitors should remain aware of potential hazards common to outdoor recreation:
Weather-Related Hazards
⛈️ Thunderstorms: Summer afternoon thunderstorms can develop quickly in Wisconsin. If thunder is heard or lightning seen, seek shelter immediately. The covered bridge or returning to your vehicle are the best options. Do not shelter under isolated trees.
🌊 Flooding: The Kickapoo River is prone to flooding, particularly in spring and after heavy rain events. The trail crosses the river four times. During flood events, bridges may be underwater or inaccessible. Never attempt to cross flooded sections. Check current conditions at the Visitor Center before your visit.
🌡️ Heat & Sun Exposure: Summer temperatures can reach the mid-80s°F with high humidity. Sections of the trail have limited shade. Carry adequate water, wear sun protection, take breaks as needed, and watch for signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, nausea, excessive fatigue).
❄️ Winter Conditions: When using the trail for cross-country skiing or winter hiking, be prepared for cold temperatures (10-35°F), wind chill, and changing conditions. Dress in layers, protect extremities, and inform someone of your plans. Ice can form on bridges.
Wildlife Encounters
Wildlife encounters are generally positive experiences on the trail, but users should practice appropriate wildlife etiquette:
- White-tailed Deer: Common throughout the reserve. Generally timid, but males (bucks) can be unpredictable during fall rut season. Observe from distance
- Snakes: Timber rattlesnakes and other snake species inhabit the area. Rare on the paved trail but possible on connected natural surface trails. Watch where you step, especially around rocks. Give snakes space and they will typically move away
- Ticks: Present spring through fall. Perform tick checks after outings, wear long pants, use repellent, and stay on maintained trail surfaces to minimize exposure
- Biting Insects: Mosquitoes can be present near water in summer. Black flies may be encountered in spring. Carry insect repellent
- Wild Turkeys: Common in the reserve. Generally wary but can be territorial during nesting season. Give them space
Trail-Specific Hazards
- Bridge Conditions: While maintained, bridges can be slippery when wet. Use caution, especially when biking
- Multi-Use Conflicts: Be aware of other trail users. Cyclists should control speed and announce passes. All users should follow yielding protocols
- Trip Hazards: Occasional debris from trees or weather events may temporarily obstruct the trail. Report hazards to reserve staff
- Limited Services: The trail corridor has no water sources, restrooms, or emergency phones along the route. Plan accordingly
Emergency Procedures
In Case of Emergency:
- Dial 911 from cell phone (reception is limited but may work from some locations)
- Note your location using trail markers or landmarks
- Return to nearest trailhead or parking area if possible
- Send someone for help if in a group
- Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center: 608-625-2960 (business hours)
- Vernon County Sheriff: 608-637-2123
Medical Facilities: The nearest hospital is Vernon Memorial Healthcare in Viroqua, approximately 15-20 miles from the reserve.
Trail Closures
The Old Highway 131 Trail and other reserve trails may close temporarily during or after rain events to prevent damage and user-caused erosion. Closures are posted at trailheads and on the Kickapoo Valley Reserve website. Always check current conditions before visiting, especially after recent rainfall.
Gear & Tips
What to Wear
Spring/Summer/Fall (Hiking & Biking):
- Comfortable athletic or hiking shoes with good traction
- Moisture-wicking clothing appropriate for temperature
- Sun hat and sunglasses
- Light rain jacket (weather can change quickly)
- Long pants or pants with zip-off legs (tick protection)
- Layering pieces for cool mornings/evenings
Winter (Cross-Country Skiing & Snowshoeing):
- Insulated, moisture-wicking base layers
- Mid-layer fleece or wool
- Waterproof/windproof outer jacket and pants
- Warm hat, gloves/mittens, neck gaiter
- Winter boots (for snowshoeing) or ski boots
- Sunglasses (sun on snow can be intense)
Equestrian Considerations:
- Use natural surface bridle path, not paved trail
- Helmets recommended for all riders
- Clean up after horses when possible
- Yield appropriately to other trail users
Recommended Gear by Activity
Hiking:
- Comfortable walking or running shoes (trail is paved; heavy boots not necessary)
- Daypack for water, snacks, extra layers
- Trekking poles (optional, helpful for extended distances)
- Camera or smartphone for photography
- Binoculars for bird watching
Cycling:
- Well-maintained bicycle suitable for paved trails
- Properly fitted helmet (required for minors, recommended for all)
- Bike repair kit (spare tube, tire levers, pump, multi-tool)
- Water bottles or hydration pack
- Bike lights if riding early/late (not required but helpful)
- Bell or horn to alert other users when passing
Cross-Country Skiing:
- Classic cross-country skis (trail is groomed for classic, not skate skiing)
- Poles appropriate for height and skiing style
- Ski wax or grip suited to temperature conditions
- Layered clothing (will warm up while skiing)
Snowshoeing:
- Snowshoes appropriate for terrain (moderate size adequate for packed trails)
- Trekking poles for balance
- Insulated boots with good traction
- Gaiters to keep snow out of boots
Photography Tips
The Old Highway 131 Trail offers excellent photography opportunities:
- Best Light: Early morning (golden hour) and late afternoon provide beautiful soft light on the sandstone cliffs and river
- Fall Colors: Late September through mid-October for peak autumn foliage
- Covered Bridge: Iconic subject; try different angles and lighting conditions
- Wildlife: Early morning and evening (dusk) offer best chances for deer, turkeys, and bird photography
- Winter Scenes: Fresh snow on the trail and ice formations along the river create beautiful minimalist compositions
- Respect Others: Be mindful not to block trail while photographing; move to side for other users
Family-Friendly Tips
The Old Highway 131 Trail is excellent for families with children:
- The paved surface is ideal for children learning to ride bikes (bring training wheels if needed)
- Plan shorter distances for young children (out-and-back trips allow flexibility)
- The covered bridge makes an excellent turnaround point for shorter outings
- Bring field guides for plant and bird identification activities
- Watch for animal tracks near the river
- Pack plenty of snacks and water
- Allow extra time for exploration and frequent stops
- Strollers with large wheels work well on the paved surface
Insider Tips
- Visit the Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center first for orientation, exhibits, and current trail conditions
- The trail is less crowded on weekdays and early mornings
- Combine your trail visit with other reserve activities like canoeing the Kickapoo River
- If visiting in winter, check the reserve website for cross-country ski grooming schedules
- The nearby Kickapoo Ice Cave is a spectacular winter destination accessible via connected trails
- Annual permits are cost-effective if visiting multiple times per year
- Download the trail map before visiting (cell service limited)
- The reserve works toward designation as an International Dark Sky Park—consider returning for stargazing
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. All users of Kickapoo Valley Reserve trails must have a valid permit. Day use permits are $5 per individual or $15 per family (4+ people). Annual permits are $20 per individual or $35 per family (2 adults plus children). Permits can be purchased online, at the Visitor Center, or at various locations throughout the reserve. Your permit must be displayed while on reserve property.
The trail offers excellent experiences year-round. May through October is ideal for hiking, biking, and horseback riding with all trails open. Late September through mid-October features spectacular fall colors. Winter (December-March) is perfect for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing, with the trail groomed for classic skiing. Spring can be muddy and trails may be temporarily closed due to wet conditions, but it’s a peaceful time with fewer visitors.
Absolutely. The Old Highway 131 Trail is rated easy and is one of the most accessible trails in the region. The 10-foot-wide paved asphalt surface is smooth and well-maintained with gentle grades. It’s ideal for children learning to ride bikes, families with strollers, and users of all fitness levels. You can plan shorter out-and-back trips of any distance, so even young children can enjoy the trail without completing the full 4.5 miles.
Dogs: Yes, dogs are welcome but must remain on leash at all times. Please clean up after your pet and dispose of waste properly.
Horses: Yes, horses are welcome on the 8-foot natural surface bridle path adjacent to the paved trail (not on the paved surface itself). Equestrian season runs May 1 through November 15, weather permitting. The bridle path may close during or after rain events to prevent damage.
Limited facilities. The Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center has restrooms and is the recommended first stop. Restroom facilities may be available at major trailheads (Landing 12, Bridge 18, Campsite I), but there are no facilities along the trail corridor itself. There are no water fountains or potable water sources along the trail. Bring sufficient water for your planned outing (1-2 liters per person recommended depending on distance, temperature, and activity level).
Timing varies by pace and activity:
Hiking: The 4.5-mile trail takes approximately 1.5-2 hours one-way at a leisurely pace, or 3-4 hours round trip (9 miles) including stops for scenery and photography.
Biking: Cyclists typically complete the 4.5 miles in 30-45 minutes one-way, or about 1-1.5 hours round trip at a casual pace.
Shorter Trips: You can turn around at any point for a shorter outing—the covered bridge makes an excellent intermediate destination.
Most wildlife encounters are safe and enjoyable. White-tailed deer are common—observe from a distance and don’t approach. Wild turkeys may also be seen. If you encounter a snake (timber rattlesnakes inhabit the area but are rare on the paved trail), give it space and it will typically move away. After your hike, check for ticks, especially if you ventured onto natural surface trails. In general, observe wildlife from a distance, never feed animals, and make noise to avoid surprising animals around blind corners.
Yes, camping is available within the Kickapoo Valley Reserve. Camping permits are required (separate from day use permits) at $15/night for vehicle-accessible sites or $10/night for walk-in sites. Campsite I is located mid-trail and provides convenient access. The reserve offers various camping options from developed sites to backcountry camping. Contact the Visitor Center or check the reserve website for campsite availability and reservations. No camping is permitted directly on the Old Highway 131 Trail itself.
Essential Resources
Official Organizations & Information
Kickapoo Valley Reserve
Official website with trail conditions, permits, camping, and events.
Visitor Center: S3661 State Highway 131, La Farge, WI 54639
Phone: 608-625-2960
Visit Website →National Park Service – Old Highway 131 Trail
Official National Recreation Trail information and designation details.
NPS Trail Page →TrailLink – Old Highway 131 Trail
Detailed trail information, reviews, and amenities listing.
View on TrailLink →Wisconsin DNR – Kickapoo Valley Reserve
State Natural Area information, ecology, and conservation details.
DNR Information →Travel Wisconsin – Kickapoo Valley Reserve
Tourism information, attractions, and regional context.
Travel Info →Trail Maps & Navigation
Obtain trail maps at:
- Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center (recommended)
- Major trailheads (limited availability)
- Kickapoo Valley Reserve website (downloadable maps)
Download maps before your visit as cell phone coverage is limited on the trail. GPS devices work well, but always carry a paper map as backup.
Weather & Conditions
National Weather Service – La Farge
Official weather forecasts for Vernon County and the trail area.
Check Forecast →Nearby Attractions
- Kickapoo River: Canoeing and kayaking opportunities throughout the reserve
- Kickapoo Ice Cave: Spectacular winter ice formations accessible via connected trails
- Wildcat Mountain State Park: Adjacent park with additional trails and camping
- Organic Valley Headquarters: Farm tours and local food experiences in La Farge
- Driftless Area Scenic Byways: Beautiful driving routes through the region
- Viroqua: Charming nearby town with restaurants, shops, and services
Lodging & Services
The Village of La Farge is the closest community to the trail. Nearby communities with more extensive services include:
- Viroqua (15-20 miles): Hotels, restaurants, grocery stores, outdoor outfitters
- Ontario (10 miles north): Small village with limited services
- La Crosse (45 miles northwest): Larger city with full services and lodging options
- Camping: Kickapoo Valley Reserve campgrounds, Wildcat Mountain State Park, private campgrounds in area
How We Verify Trail Information
This guide presents facts verified from multiple authoritative sources to ensure accuracy. All trail information has been cross-referenced with official sources including:
- U.S. National Park Service (National Recreation Trail designation)
- Kickapoo Valley Reserve official website and visitor center
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (State Natural Area information)
- National Recreation Trail application documents
- TrailLink and other established trail databases
- Travel Wisconsin (official state tourism)
Trail conditions, permit fees, and regulations may change. Always verify current information by contacting the Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center (608-625-2960) or visiting the official website before your trip.
Experience Wisconsin’s Driftless Region
The Old Highway 131 Trail offers an accessible yet immersive experience in one of Wisconsin’s most unique landscapes. This National Recreation Trail connects visitors to the natural beauty of the Kickapoo River valley and the rich cultural heritage of the Ho-Chunk Nation.
- A gentle paved trail perfect for family biking adventures
- Access to 50+ miles of backcountry hiking trails
- Winter cross-country skiing through scenic landscapes
- Wildlife watching and nature photography opportunities
- Connection to the historical and cultural significance of the valley
The Old Highway 131 Trail welcomes you to explore and experience the Kickapoo Valley Reserve.
📚 Source Documentation (Click to Expand)
All information in this guide has been verified from the following authoritative sources:
- U.S. National Park Service: Old Highway 131 Trail National Recreation Trail Article
https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/old-highway-131-trail.htm - TrailLink – Rails-to-Trails Conservancy: Old Highway 131 Trail
https://www.traillink.com/trail/old-highway-131-trail/ - National Recreation Trail Database: Old Highway 131 Trail Application
https://www.nrtapplication.org/trails/old-highway-131-trail - Kickapoo Valley Reserve Official Website: Trails and Recreation
http://kvr.state.wi.us/Recreation/Trails - Kickapoo Valley Reserve: Permits and Fees
http://kvr.state.wi.us/Recreation/Permits-Fees - Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Kickapoo Valley Reserve State Natural Area
https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/statenaturalareas/KickapooValleyReserve - Travel Wisconsin: Kickapoo Valley Reserve
https://www.travelwisconsin.com/natural-attractions-and-parks/kickapoo-valley-reserve-193547 - AllTrails: Kickapoo Ice Cave via Old Highway 131 Trail
https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/wisconsin/kickapoo-ice-cave-via-old-highway-131-little-canada-and-ice-cave-loop - National Weather Service: La Farge, WI Weather Forecast
https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=43.5746959&lon=-90.6404083 - Mississippi Valley Conservancy: Kickapoo Valley Reserve Addition
https://www.mississippivalleyconservancy.org/land-protection/kickapoo-valley-reserve-addition
Verification Date: October 2025
Note: Trail conditions, permit fees, and seasonal access dates may change. Always verify current information with the Kickapoo Valley Reserve Visitor Center (608-625-2960) or official website before your visit.