Trade Winds Trail

About the Trade Winds Trail

The Trade Winds Trail is the longest marked trail in El Yunque National Forest, the only tropical rainforest in the United States National Forest System. This remote, challenging trail climbs 4.6 miles through pristine montane and cloud forests to reach El Toro Peak, the highest point in the rainforest at 3,526 feet elevation. Designated as a National Recreation Trail, it offers experienced hikers a rare opportunity to explore the wilderness heart of Puerto Rico’s most iconic natural treasure.

Unlike the more heavily trafficked trails in El Yunque’s northern recreation area, the Trade Winds Trail is rarely used and infrequently maintained, providing a genuine wilderness experience. Hikers often report seeing no other people during their entire journey, making it ideal for those seeking solitude and an authentic rainforest adventure. The trail passes through multiple forest zones, showcasing spectacular biodiversity including giant tree ferns, sierra palms, wild orchids, and endemic wildlife.

Difficulty Level

The Trade Winds Trail is rated as very difficult to strenuous and is recommended only for experienced hikers in good physical condition. The trail gains approximately 1,100 feet of elevation over 4.6 miles through challenging terrain. Conditions include steep sections, extensive mud (especially in the final portions), slippery rocks and roots, uneven surfaces, high humidity, and potential for navigation challenges due to landslides and minimal maintenance.

Hikers should be prepared for a full day commitment, typically requiring 3-4 hours to ascend and 2.5-3 hours to descend, plus time at the summit. The trail demands constant attention to footing on slippery surfaces, making trekking poles and proper footwear essential. This is not a beginner trail—it’s designed for those with significant hiking experience who are comfortable in remote wilderness settings with limited cell phone signal.

Trail Character & Terrain

The trail surface consists primarily of packed dirt with extensive sections of exposed rocks, roots, and mud. The first 1.5 miles offer relatively moderate hiking through tabonuco forest with gradual climbing. The middle section (miles 1.5-4.0) passes through magnificent sierra palm forest with increasing elevation and occasional steep pitches. The final 0.5-1.0 miles enters cloud forest with stunted vegetation and becomes significantly muddier and steeper, requiring careful navigation.

Hikers report that rocks and roots can be extremely slippery, especially after rain (which is frequent in a rainforest). The trail crosses several small streams and boggy areas. Some sections have been affected by landslides, requiring occasional route-finding or navigating makeshift paths around obstacles. Despite these challenges, the trail is generally well-defined and marked, though signs may be weathered or missing in places.

Summit Experience

El Toro Peak offers spectacular panoramic views as the reward for the challenging climb. Unlike El Yunque Peak (which has radio towers), El Toro’s summit is completely natural with no development. On clear days, hikers can see across the rainforest canopy to the Atlantic Ocean coastline, the north and east coasts of Puerto Rico, and surrounding communities including Ceiba, Naguabo, Juncos, Las Piedras, and Humacao. The peak often features refreshing breezes and dramatic cloud formations rolling through the mountains.

The summit marks the junction where the Trade Winds Trail meets the El Toro Trail (which approaches from Road 186). Some hikers arrange shuttle logistics to do a through-hike using both trails, though most opt for the out-and-back route on Trade Winds. The peak provides an excellent spot for lunch and rest before the descent.

Weather Conditions

El Yunque National Forest receives approximately 120 inches of annual rainfall, making it one of the wettest locations in Puerto Rico. Weather conditions vary dramatically by season and can change rapidly throughout the day.

Dry Season (December-April): This is the optimal time to hike Trade Winds Trail. Temperatures range from 70-83°F (21-28°C) with reduced rainfall and lower humidity. However, rain is still possible any day—this is a rainforest. Trails are relatively less muddy compared to wet season, though expect mud regardless. Cloud cover and mist are common at higher elevations.

Wet Season (May-November): This period brings heavy rainfall, increased humidity, and challenging trail conditions with extensive mud. May through November is also Atlantic hurricane season, with potential for severe weather and trail closures. Despite the challenges, waterfalls flow at their most impressive and the forest is at its lushest. If hiking during this season, expect very slippery conditions and allow extra time.

Daily Patterns: Even during dry season, afternoon rain showers are common in El Yunque. Morning is typically the best time for hiking with clearer conditions. Temperatures remain relatively consistent year-round due to tropical latitude, but higher elevations are noticeably cooler. Cloud forest conditions at the summit can be misty and cool regardless of season.

Route Guide & Trail Description

Getting to the Trailhead

The Trade Winds Trail trailhead is located on Road 191 at approximately KM 13.5, accessed from the northern side of El Yunque National Forest near Río Grande. This remote trailhead requires careful navigation to reach.

Driving Directions from San Juan: Take PR-66 east to PR-3, then follow PR-3 to PR-191 north toward El Yunque (approximately 45 minutes from San Juan). Drive up PR-191 through the main recreation area past multiple trailheads. Continue to the Mt. Britton Road turnoff (Road 930 or 9938). Park in the last designated parking area near the Mt. Britton trailhead—this is the closest legal parking to Trade Winds.

Accessing the Trail: From the parking area, walk back to Road 191 and turn right (uphill). Walk past the locked gate at approximately KM 13.3. Continue walking uphill on the paved road for about 0.25 km (0.15 miles) until you reach KM 13.5. Look for the Trade Winds Trail sign on your right (east) side of the road. Note that this road walk adds extra distance beyond the trail’s official 4.6 miles.

Trail Sections & Highlights

Section 1: Tabonuco Forest (Miles 0-1.5)

The trail begins at approximately 2,427 feet elevation in the tabonuco forest zone. This lower montane rainforest features large tabonuco trees (Dacryodes excelsa), tree ferns, and lush understory vegetation. The trail surface is packed dirt with rocks and roots, following a gradual uphill grade. This is the easiest section of the trail with well-defined path and relatively good footing. Watch for colorful birds and listen for the iconic coquí frogs. Trail markers indicate your progress toward the peak.

Section 2: Sierra Palm Forest (Miles 1.5-4.0)

As elevation increases, the trail enters the sierra palm forest zone, characterized by dense groves of sierra palms (Prestoea montana). This section is considered the trail’s most beautiful, with stunning views through gaps in the vegetation and diverse plant life including multiple species of wild orchids. The climbing becomes more sustained with some steeper pitches. The trail remains generally well-defined but becomes progressively muddier. Expect uneven footing with slippery rocks requiring careful attention. Giant tree ferns with unfurling fiddleheads are common. This middle section provides the most varied scenery and best opportunities for nature observation.

Section 3: Cloud Forest Approach (Miles 4.0-4.6)

The final 0.5-1.0 miles is the most challenging section, climbing steeply through cloud forest characterized by stunted trees, thick moss, and persistent moisture. Mud becomes extensive—hikers consistently describe this section as “really muddy” even during dry periods. The trail may be slippery with exposed roots and rocks. Some areas have been affected by landslides, requiring navigation around obstacles or across makeshift ledges. The last quarter-mile is particularly steep and strenuous. Despite the challenges, reaching the peak is worth every difficult step.

El Toro Peak (3,526 feet / 1,075 m)

The summit of El Toro is the highest point in the Sierra de Luquillo mountain range and El Yunque National Forest. Unlike developed peaks, El Toro’s summit is completely natural with no towers, buildings, or facilities—just pristine wilderness. On clear days, you’ll enjoy panoramic views of the rainforest canopy, Atlantic coastline, and eastern Puerto Rico communities. The peak marks the junction with El Toro Trail (which accesses from Road 186). This is an excellent spot for lunch, rest, and photography. Cloud formations often roll through the peak, creating dramatic atmospheric conditions. Enjoy the refreshing breeze and sense of accomplishment before beginning the descent.

Return Journey

Most hikers return via the same route (out-and-back). The descent typically takes 2.5-3 hours—less time than ascending but requiring equal caution due to slippery conditions. Downhill hiking on muddy, rocky surfaces can be challenging for knees and ankles. Trekking poles are particularly valuable for the descent. Some experienced hikers arrange shuttle logistics to descend via El Toro Trail to Road 186, creating a through-hike, though this requires two vehicles or pickup coordination.

Planning Your Hike

Best Time to Visit

The optimal window for hiking the Trade Winds Trail is during Puerto Rico’s dry season from mid-December through April. During these months, you’ll experience more comfortable temperatures (70-83°F / 21-28°C), reduced rainfall frequency, relatively less muddy trail conditions, lower humidity levels, and better visibility for summit views. Even during the dry season, brief rain showers are possible—pack accordingly.

The wet season (May-November) coincides with Atlantic hurricane season and brings significantly more challenging conditions including heavy rainfall, extensive trail mud, increased risk of landslides, higher humidity, and potential trail closures. However, adventurous hikers willing to face muddy conditions will experience lush forest at peak verdancy and powerful waterfalls throughout the forest. Always check trail status before attempting a wet-season hike.

Avoiding Crowds: The Trade Winds Trail is rarely crowded—many hikers report seeing no other people during their entire day. However, to maximize solitude, visit on weekdays rather than weekends and start your hike early (at gate opening, 8:00 AM). The few other hikers you might encounter are typically serious, experienced outdoor enthusiasts.

Permits and Regulations

Access and Transportation

There is no public transportation directly to El Yunque National Forest or the Trade Winds Trail trailhead. You will need private transportation.

Rental Car (Recommended): Renting a car provides the most flexibility and is the best option for accessing remote trails like Trade Winds. Rental cars are available at San Juan’s Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) and throughout the San Juan metro area. The drive from San Juan to the trailhead takes approximately 45-60 minutes.

Guided Tours: Some tour operators offer guided hikes to El Toro Peak via Trade Winds or El Toro Trail. This option provides transportation, guide expertise, and group safety but at higher cost and less flexibility.

Taxi/Uber Limitations: Taxis and Uber are generally not permitted to drop off or pick up within the forest without special permits. Additionally, limited cell phone signal makes arranging return transportation nearly impossible. Do not rely on this option.

Parking: Park in designated areas only near the Mt. Britton trailhead. Parking enforcement is strict to maintain access on narrow forest roads. Do not block gates or emergency access points.

Safety Considerations

The Trade Winds Trail passes through remote wilderness with minimal facilities and limited emergency access. Safety is your personal responsibility.

Leave No Trace Principles

El Toro Wilderness is a pristine tropical ecosystem requiring careful stewardship. Follow Leave No Trace principles to protect this special place.

• Pack Out All Trash: Carry out everything you bring in, including food wrappers, orange peels, and other organic waste. There are no trash facilities on the trail.
• Stay on Trail: Avoid short-cutting switchbacks or creating social trails, which accelerates erosion in this wet environment.
• Respect Wildlife: Observe animals from a distance. Never feed wildlife. Give Puerto Rican Boas (endangered) wide berth if encountered.
• Minimize Impact: Travel in small groups (recommended group size: 2-4 people). Avoid disturbing vegetation or removing plants, orchids, or other natural features.
• Human Waste: No facilities exist on trail. If necessary, dig catholes 6-8 inches deep at least 200 feet from trail and water sources. Pack out toilet paper in a sealed bag.
• Water Sources: Do not contaminate streams or the trail’s small water crossings. These feed into important watershed systems.
• Cultural Resources: The area may contain historical or cultural features. Do not disturb any artifacts or structures you might encounter.

Gear & Preparation

Essential Gear Checklist

Footwear:

• Waterproof hiking boots with excellent ankle support and aggressive tread (highly recommended)
• Hiking boots should be well broken-in to prevent blisters
• Extra socks (wool or synthetic, never cotton)
• Some experienced hikers use hiking sandals with good tread, though boots offer more protection
• Gaiters optional but helpful for keeping mud and debris out of boots

Clothing:

• Long pants (strongly recommended to protect legs from biting grass, thorns, and insects)
• Moisture-wicking shirt (avoid cotton, which stays wet)
• Long-sleeve shirt for sun/bug protection (lightweight, breathable)
• Rain jacket or poncho (essential—rain can occur anytime)
• Change of dry clothes to leave in your car for after the hike
• Wide-brimmed hat for sun protection
• Bandana or buff (multipurpose utility item)

Navigation & Safety:

• Cell phone with offline maps downloaded (limited signal on trail)
• GPS device or GPS app (AllTrails, FarOut, or similar)
• Compass and basic map reading skills
• Headlamp with extra batteries (in case you’re delayed)
• First aid kit (include blister treatment, pain reliever, bandages, antiseptic)
• Emergency whistle
• Emergency shelter (space blanket or lightweight emergency bivy)
• Waterproof matches or lighter

Hydration & Nutrition:

• Minimum 3 liters of water (more in hot weather)
• Water bottles or hydration bladder
• Water filter or purification tablets (streams exist but treat all water)
• High-energy snacks (trail mix, energy bars, fruit, jerky)
• Substantial lunch (you’ll be out all day)
• Electrolyte replacement (powder or tablets for hot, humid conditions)

Other Essentials:

• Trekking poles (highly recommended for stability on slippery terrain)
• Backpack (25-30 liter day pack adequate)
• Sunscreen (SPF 30+, reef-safe if possible)
• Insect repellent (mosquitoes can be present)
• Small towel
• Trash bag (pack out all waste)
• Camera or smartphone for photos
• Binoculars for wildlife viewing (optional)
• Field guide to Puerto Rican flora/fauna (optional)

Physical Preparation & Training

The Trade Winds Trail is very demanding and requires excellent physical fitness and hiking experience. Preparation is essential for an enjoyable and safe experience.

Fitness Requirements: You should be capable of hiking 9+ miles with 1,100+ feet of elevation gain over uneven, slippery terrain in hot, humid conditions. Expect the hike to take 6-8 hours total. Cardiovascular endurance, leg strength, core stability, and ankle/knee resilience are all important.

Training Recommendations: Begin training at least 4-6 weeks before your hike. Build cardiovascular base with regular aerobic exercise (hiking, running, cycling, swimming). Complete progressively longer training hikes with elevation gain—work up to 8-10 miles with loaded pack. Practice hiking on uneven terrain if possible. Strengthen legs with squats, lunges, step-ups, and calf raises. Build core strength for balance and pack carrying. Test all your gear on training hikes to identify any issues.

Acclimatization: If visiting from a different climate, allow 1-2 days to adjust to Puerto Rico’s heat and humidity before attempting this strenuous hike. Start with shorter El Yunque trails (La Mina, Mt. Britton) to assess your comfort level before committing to Trade Winds.

Safety & Hazards

Major Trail Hazards

Emergency Protocols

If you experience an emergency on the Trade Winds Trail, follow these protocols.

For Serious Emergencies (life-threatening injury or illness): Call 911 if you have cell signal. If no signal, one person should stay with the injured party while another goes for help. The nearest point with reliable signal is typically back near the trailhead/parking area. Contact El Yunque National Forest headquarters: (787) 888-1880. Be prepared to describe your exact location (GPS coordinates if possible), nature of emergency, and number of people in your party.

For Non-Life-Threatening Issues: Assess whether you can safely continue or should turn back. Often the best decision is to retreat carefully to the trailhead. Do not push through significant pain or illness—many hiking injuries worsen from continuing. Rest, treat the problem if possible (blisters, minor strains), hydrate, and reassess.

If Lost or Disoriented: Stay calm. Stop moving. Check your map and GPS. If you cannot determine your location, stay on the trail if you’re still on it. The Trade Winds Trail is a single out-and-back route—retracing your steps should return you to the trailhead. If you’re truly lost off-trail, stay put, make yourself visible, and wait for help. Do not wander aimlessly.

When to Turn Back

Sometimes the best decision is not to reach the summit. Consider turning back if any of the following occur: severe weather approaching (lightning, torrential rain), you’re running behind schedule with risk of not returning before gate closure, significant injury or illness in your party, trail conditions are beyond your comfort/skill level, you’re feeling overheated or showing signs of heat exhaustion, or you simply don’t feel safe continuing. There is no shame in turning back—the mountain will be there another day.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Essential Resources

Official Management & Information

Trail Apps & Navigation

Planning Resources

Contact Information

Ready to Experience El Yunque’s Remote Wilderness?

The Trade Winds Trail offers one of Puerto Rico’s most authentic rainforest experiences. This challenging journey through pristine montane and cloud forests rewards prepared hikers with spectacular summit views, rare solitude, and connection with one of America’s most unique ecosystems.

For those who embrace the challenge, the Trade Winds Trail provides an unforgettable experience: pristine tropical forest, the highest peak in El Yunque, rare solitude in a popular park, diverse ecosystems from tabonuco to cloud forest, opportunities to observe unique Puerto Rican wildlife, and the satisfaction of conquering one of the island’s most demanding trails.

How We Verify Trail Information

All information in this guide has been verified using multiple authoritative sources to ensure accuracy and reliability. We prioritize official government sources (USDA Forest Service, National Recreation Trails Database), verified trail platforms (AllTrails, Hiking Project), and documented firsthand reports from experienced hikers. Trail conditions, regulations, and access information can change—always check official USFS sources before your hike.